Architects, Philosophers (5th century BC)
Ictinus and Callicrates were the two architects who constructed the Parthenon of the Acropolis of Athens, the most beautiful monument of human civilization. Both were Athenians and were active during the 5th century BC. The mathematical deciphering of the Parthenon reveals that Ictinus and Callicrates were also philosophers.
Five monuments bare Ictinus’ signature: The Parthenon of the Acropolis of Athens, the Telesterium of Eleusis, the Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae, the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens and the Odeon of Pericles at the eastern-northern side of the Acropolis. The Telesterium of Eleusis, also called “the secret temple”, was the place where the Eleusinian Mysteries took place and was devoted to goddesses Demeter and Persephone. The temple’s construction was directed by Ictinus, together with several other architects, under the supervision of Pericles. Ictinus worked with other architects for the construction of the Temple of Apollo Epicurius, which is the only Greek temple facing the north. The Temple of Hephaestus, known previously as the Theseion, is the best preserved ancient temple to this day.
Callicrates, apart from the Parthenon, constructed the following monuments: The Temple of Athena Nike (Victory) at the Acropolis of Athens, which is of Ionian rhythm in contrast to the Parthenon, the Temple of Apollo in Delos, the Temple of Artemis in Athens, by the side of the river Ilisus, which was destroyed in 1778 by the Ottomans and the Long Walls, which ran a total of 6 kilometers, connecting Athens to Piraeus. They had 160 meters distance from each other and were 20 meters high. They remained standing for 54 years, until the Spartans occupied Athens following the end of the Peloponnesian War. They were rebuilt by Conon and parts of them are still visible today. In addition, Callicrates repaired the peripheral walls of the Acropolis and improved the fortification.
Ictinus and Callicrates, with the help of Pheidias and the supervision of Pericles, worked together to build the Parthenon. Ictinus designed the architecture and Callicrates supervised its construction. It took nine years for its completion. The Parthenon is not just an architectural wonder. It is an ark of wisdom whose ancientness is lost in the depths of time. On its front section, the equation length = φ×height is always true. This manifests as a spiral with the analogy α/2α+1, known as the golden ratio, which is a sacred number in the Greek arithmosophy. The pillars of the Parthenon are not longitudinal on their axis. Instead, if an imaginary line extended above each pillar, they would all join at a height of 1852 meters, forming a pyramid, whose apex is exactly above the head of the statue of Athena inside the Parthenon. The volume of this imaginary pyramid is half the volume of the Great Pyramid of Egypt. Furthermore, the Parthenon has a remarkable antiseismic construction.
The total number of the Parthenon’s pillars (84) multiplied by 2, multiplied by 10 is equal to the lexarithm of the word ΟΙΚΟΣ ΘΕΑΣ ΠΑΡΘΕΝΩΝ (House of Goddess Parthenon) = 1680. The lexarithm of the word Parthenon (ΠΑΡΘΕΝΩΝ) is equal to the lexarithm of ΜΕΣΟΝ Ο ΙΚΤΙΝΟΣ (the connection Ictinus) and ΜΕΛΑΘΡΟΝ Ο ΚΑΛΛΙΚΡΑΤΗΣ (melathron Callicrates) = 1095. The lexarithm of the word The Parthenon (Ο ΠΑΡΘΕΝΩΝ) is equal to ΜΕΣΟΝ Ο ΦΕΙΔΙΑΣ (the connection Pheidias) and ΜΕΣΟΝ Η ΑΞΙΑ ΚΑΛΛΙΚΡΑΤΗΣ (the connection the value Callicrates) = 1165. Finally, Ο ΠΑΡΘΕΝΩΝ (The Parthenon) divided by ΘΑΥΜΑ ΑΘΗΝΑΣ (Miracle of Athena), Η ΔΟΜΗ Ο ΠΑΡΘΕΝΩΝ (The structure the Parthenon) divided by Ο ΦΕΙΔΙΑΣ (Pheidias) and Ο ΠΑΡΘΕΝΩΝ (The Parthenon) divided by ΚΑΛΛΙΚΡΑΤΗΣ (Callicrates) are all equal to 1,618=φ, the golden ratio.
This wisdom was acquired by the two architects – philosophers from the Mystery Schools, of which they were initiates, primarily Ictinus. This is also indicated by the Temple of Apollo Epicurius, which also hides magnificent knowledge on astronomy, knowledge that was taught in the Mysteries. To this day, the decipherment of the Parthenon has given us important information that the Greeks knew the shape and the dimensions of the Earth before the 5th century BC, including the fact that the pyramids of Egypt are closely linked to the Greek mathematics.
Bibliography
- Georgakopoulos, Konstantinos. Ancient Greek Scientists. Georgiades: Athens, 1995. Print.
- “Ictinus”. Helios New Encyclopaedic Dictionary. Passas, I. Athens, 1946. Print.
- “Kallikratis”. Helios New Encyclopaedic Dictionary. Passas, I. Athens, 1946. Print.
- Manias, Theophanis. The Holy Geometry of the Greeks and the Mathematical Structure of the Greek Language. Pyrinos Kosmos: Athens, 2006. Print.
- Manias, Theophanis. The Unknown Masterpieces of the Ancient Greeks. Pyrinos Kosmos: Athens, 2006. Print.
- Ικτίνος και Καλλικράτης: οι αρχιτέκτονες του Παρθενώνα. Pronews. Pronews.gr. December 12, 2014. Web. Retrieved on March 7, 2017.